GeoBiotics LLC

GeoBiotics, LLC developed innovative, proprietary technologies, including GEOCOAT® and GEOLEACH™ to aid in the recovery of gold from refractory gold concentrates, and base metals from sulfide ores and concentrates. The GEOCOAT® and GEOLEACH™ processes use bacterial oxidation to allow effective and efficient leaching of the desired metals.

The GEOCOAT® and GEOLEACH™ technologies offer significant economic benefits compared to other processes for oxidizing sulfide concentrates and ores. Based on independent engineering studies, GEOCOAT® has shown savings of up to 70% of capital costs and up to 60% of operating costs for the oxidation step, as compared to roasting, pressure oxidation, and stirred tank biooxidation.

The GEOCOAT® technology has been tested on more than 100 refractory gold concentrates from around the world. with gold recoveries in excess of 90% for most concThe technology has also been successfully commercially applied in South Africa, and has been demonstrated by way of large-scale applications in the field in Ghana, Mexico, and Brazil. The technology is covered by an extensive portfolio of patents and patent applications in the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ghana, Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Peru and in other countries.

GeoBiotics LLC has made major breakthroughs in the application of the GEOCOAT® and GEOLEACH™ technologies to the leaching of chalcopyrite ore and concentrates. In laboratory tests 97% of the copper was leached from predominately chalcopyrite concentrates in 60 days using thermophillic microorganisms at temperatures up to 70 degrees Celsius. Large-scale field demonstration heaps, employing both GEOCOAT® for concentrate, and GEOLEACH™ for ore, were undertaken at two minesites in South America in recent years. Additional commercial-scale field demonstration tests on copper are ongoing.

Advantages of the GeoBiotics technologies include:

• Lower capital costs
• Lower operating costs
• Rapid project implementation
• Tolerance to changes in feed
• Applicability to both low and high grade ores
• Simplicity
• Safety
• Flexibility
• Expandability

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